Differential expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in early- and late-stage diabetes: the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Seed extract on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Wistar-Albino rats model

Abstract Background The medicinal plant Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. ( C. ) may benefit patients at different phases of diabetes by attuning to contrasting situations. Our primary objective was find the mechanism(s) behind antidiabetic/anti-hyperlipidemic effects C . c olocynthis seed a queous e xtract (CCAE) in two stages type 2 (T2D) rats. Methods Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, body weights, and degree impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were measured healthy nondiabetic control rats (Con), as well with arly l ate T2D , denoted ET2D LT2D, respectively. CCAE intraperitoneally (IP) injected for 28 days. In end, hepatic mRNA expression levels following genes determined RT-PCR: glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), insulin-dependent sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1). liver examined hematoxylin eosin (H&E) Oil-Red O staining. partially analyzed HPLC-DAD. Results LT2D characterized differentially elevated FBS, deteriorated bodyweight, significant IGT compared Con. Hepatosteatoses varying morphologies higher G6Pase than PRPCK versus opposite further confirmed divergent nature metabolic aberrations. At end days, high alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), urea, protein carbonyl content (PCC), alanine aspartate aminotransferases (AST ALT, respectively) persisted untreated LT2D. ameliorated oxidative stress upregulated PPARα diabetic groups Con; it downregulated CPT1 group. CCAE’s ability lower FBS serum TG both indicated its act via mechanisms. Ferulic (Fer A) rutin hydrate (RH) detected CCAE. Conclusion lowered inhibiting (glycogenolysis). abated diverting PEPCK activity, preferably towards glyceroneogenesis gluconeogenesis. preserved triglyceride/fatty (TG/FA) cycle, PPARα, gene expressions reduced TG.